JHARKHAND
- **Summer (March to June)**: The summer months are hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C. The temperature is slightly moderated by the high altitudes in some parts of the state.
- **Monsoon (June to September)**: The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall, especially in the southern parts of the state. This season is essential for agriculture in Jharkhand.
- **Winter (November to February)**: Winters in Jharkhand are mild, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 25°C, making it a pleasant time for travel and outdoor activities.
- Santhals
- Mundas
- Oraons
- Ho
- Bhumijs
- **Sarhul**: Celebrated by the tribal communities to mark the arrival of spring.
- **Tusu**: A harvest festival celebrated by the Santhal tribe.
- **Diwali, Holi, and Durga Puja**: These are also widely celebrated, especially in urban areas.
- **Indian School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad**: A prestigious institution for mining and engineering.
- **Ranchi University**: Offering various undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
- **Poverty**: A significant portion of the population lives below the poverty line, particularly in tribal areas.
- **Unemployment**: There is a lack of job opportunities, especially in rural and tribal areas.
- **Infrastructure**: Although urban areas like Ranchi and Jamshedpur are well-developed, rural areas still face challenges related to roads, healthcare, and education.
- **Naxalism**: The state has been affected by Naxal insurgency due to the demands for better governance and the rights of tribals.
Complete Information About Jharkhand
**Introduction**
Jharkhand is a state located in the eastern region of India. The state is known for its natural beauty, rich mineral resources, and diverse culture. It was carved out of Bihar in 2000 and became the 28th state of India. Jharkhand is bordered by the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. The state's capital is **Ranchi**, and it is one of the fastest-growing states in India. Jharkhand is particularly famous for its mineral wealth, being a major contributor to India's industrial production.
Geography of Jharkhand
Jharkhand is geographically diverse, consisting of plateaus, hills, and forests. It is part of the Chotanagpur Plateau and is characterized by rich forests and a variety of rivers. The state is mainly hilly, with the majority of its land covered by dense forests, which makes it ecologically significant. The state is also home to several rivers like the **Subarnarekha, Damodar, and Koel** that play an important role in irrigation and hydropower generation.
| Geography Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Rivers | The state is drained by many rivers, including the **Damodar**, **Subarnarekha**, **Sankh**, and **Koel**, which flow through the region and support agriculture, as well as provide water for domestic use. |
| Hills | The state has a number of hill ranges, including the **Rajmahal Hills** in the east and the **Hazaribagh Plateau** in the north. |
Climate of Jharkhand
Jharkhand experiences a tropical climate with three distinct seasons:
History of Jharkhand
The history of Jharkhand is rich, with a mixture of tribal traditions and the influence of several ancient dynasties. The region has been home to numerous indigenous tribal communities for centuries. The state's name, Jharkhand, means "The land of forests" in Hindi, signifying its natural abundance of trees and wildlife.
| Period | Description |
|---|---|
| Prehistoric Period | Evidence of prehistoric human settlements has been found in many parts of Jharkhand, particularly in the form of rock paintings and cave drawings. |
| Ancient Period | Jharkhand's history during the ancient period was shaped by several dynasties, including the Mauryas and Guptas. The region was also influenced by Buddhism, particularly during the reign of Emperor Ashoka. |
| Mughal and British Rule | During the Mughal era, Jharkhand was part of the Bengal Subah. Afterward, it came under the control of the British East India Company. The British imposed their rule on the tribal communities of Jharkhand, resulting in several tribal uprisings like the **Ulgulan (Revolt of 1855)** led by **Sido and Kanhu**. |
| Formation of Jharkhand State | The struggle for a separate state for the tribals of Jharkhand culminated in the formation of Jharkhand on **November 15, 2000**, after a long and persistent movement. The state was carved out from the southern part of Bihar, with the main objective of addressing the political, social, and economic needs of the tribal communities. |
Tribal Population
Jharkhand is home to a significant tribal population, with approximately 26% of the state’s population belonging to various tribal groups. The major tribes in the state include:
These tribes have their own distinct languages, cultures, and customs. The state government has taken steps to promote the welfare of these communities by offering reservations, social security benefits, and education opportunities.
Economy of Jharkhand
Jharkhand is rich in natural resources and has a highly industrialized economy, particularly in the mining and manufacturing sectors.
| Sector | Description |
|---|---|
| Mining and Minerals | Jharkhand is a major producer of minerals in India. It is known for its vast reserves of coal, iron ore, copper, mica, and bauxite. Coal mining is a major economic activity, with **Jharia**, **Dhanbad**, and **Giridih** being key coal-producing regions. |
| Industries | The state has a strong industrial base, with significant contributions from steel, cement, and engineering sectors. Key industrial cities in Jharkhand include **Jamshedpur**, known for the **Tata Steel** plant, and **Bokaro**, known for its large steel plant. |
| Agriculture | Despite its industrial growth, Jharkhand also has a strong agricultural sector. The state produces crops like **rice**, **maize**, **pulses**, and **vegetables**. However, the agriculture sector faces challenges such as low productivity and dependence on rainfall. |
| Forests | Jharkhand has abundant forests, and forest products like **timber**, **bamboo**, and **tendu leaves** contribute to the state's economy. |
Culture and Tradition of Jharkhand
Jharkhand has a rich and diverse cultural heritage, heavily influenced by its tribal communities. The cultural landscape of Jharkhand is a beautiful amalgamation of traditional dances, music, festivals, and art forms.
| Cultural Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Fairs and Festivals | The tribal communities of Jharkhand celebrate numerous festivals. The most popular festivals include:
|
| Dance and Music | Tribal dances such as **Chhau**, **Jhumar**, and **Phaag** are integral parts of the cultural expression in Jharkhand. These dances are performed during festivals, marriage ceremonies, and other social occasions. |
| Cuisine | The cuisine of Jharkhand is primarily influenced by the tribal population, with rice, maize, and leafy vegetables forming the staple diet. Some of the popular dishes include **Thekua** (a sweet dish), **Litti Chokha**, and **Rice Beer** (Handia). |
Education and Literacy in Jharkhand
Jharkhand has made significant progress in the field of education, though challenges remain in rural and tribal areas. The literacy rate in Jharkhand stands at approximately 67.6% (as per the 2011 Census). The state government is working on improving educational infrastructure and promoting literacy among tribal communities.
| Education Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Schools and Colleges | Jharkhand is home to several prominent educational institutions such as:
|
| Tribal Education | Special efforts are being made to improve literacy rates among the tribal population through government-run schools and scholarship schemes. |
Tourism in Jharkhand
Jharkhand, with its scenic beauty, waterfalls, wildlife sanctuaries, and historical sites, is emerging as an attractive tourist destination. The state's natural beauty, coupled with its historical significance, makes it a unique place to explore.
| Tourist Attraction | Description |
|---|---|
| Ranchi | The capital city is known for its beautiful hill stations, such as **Rock Garden**, **Ranchi Lake**, and **Jagannath Temple**. |
| Jamshedpur | Famous for **Tata Steel**, Jamshedpur is known for its lush greenery and serene atmosphere. |
| Hazaribagh | Known for the **Hazaribagh National Park**, a popular destination for wildlife enthusiasts. |
| Netarhat | Often called the "Queen of Chotanagpur," Netarhat is known for its beautiful landscapes and sunsets. |
Politics of Jharkhand
Jharkhand follows a multi-party political system with a **Legislative Assembly** consisting of 81 members. The state has witnessed several changes in political leadership since its formation in 2000.
| Political Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Government | Jharkhand has seen various political parties come to power, with **Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM)** and **Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)** being the most prominent ones. |
| Chief Minister | As of the latest information, **Hemant Soren** from the JMM is the Chief Minister of Jharkhand. |
Challenges in Jharkhand
Despite its natural wealth, Jharkhand faces several challenges:
Conclusion
Jharkhand is a state that embodies the contrast between rich natural resources and socio-economic challenges. It is a state with immense potential, both in terms of its mineral wealth and the cultural diversity of its people. With continued efforts in education, infrastructure development, and tribal welfare, Jharkhand is on its way to becoming a prominent state in India.